Garter Snake vs. Copperhead: Key Differences Explained

Hannah Arendt

2 min read

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20-11-2024

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Identifying snakes can be tricky, especially when dealing with species that share similar habitats and even some physical characteristics. Two snakes often causing confusion are the garter snake and the copperhead. While both can be found in North America, they are vastly different, and knowing the key differences is crucial for safety and responsible wildlife observation. This article will highlight the crucial distinguishing features to help you tell them apart.

Physical Appearance: A First Glance

The most immediate difference lies in their appearance.

Garter Snakes:

• Slender Build: Garter snakes are typically long and slender.
• Stripes: They are characterized by three distinct longitudinal stripes—one down the center of the back, and one along each side. The stripes can vary in color (often yellow or green on a darker background) but are consistently present.
• Size: They are generally smaller than copperheads, rarely exceeding 3 feet in length.
• Head: The head is relatively small and not distinctly separated from the neck.

Copperheads:

• Heavier Build: Copperheads have a more robust and stocky build compared to garter snakes.
• Hourglass Pattern: Instead of stripes, copperheads possess a distinctive pattern of hourglass-shaped markings along their backs. These markings are often reddish-brown or copper-colored on a tan or brownish background.
• Size: They are typically larger than garter snakes, often reaching lengths of 2-3 feet, and sometimes longer.
• Head: Copperheads have a triangular-shaped head, distinctly broader than their neck. This is a key identifying feature.

Behavior and Habitat: Where They Live and How They Act

Understanding their behavior and preferred habitats can further aid in identification.

Garter Snakes:

• Habitat: Garter snakes are highly adaptable and inhabit a wide range of environments, including meadows, forests, wetlands, and even urban areas.
• Behavior: They are generally non-aggressive and will try to escape confrontation. They are often seen near water sources.

Copperheads:

• Habitat: Copperheads prefer rocky, wooded areas, and often hide under rocks, logs, or leaf litter. They are less likely to be found in open areas.
• Behavior: While not inherently aggressive, copperheads will bite if threatened or cornered. They tend to remain still and rely on camouflage for defense.

Venom: A Crucial Distinction

This is perhaps the most crucial difference:

Garter Snakes:

• Non-venomous: Garter snakes are entirely non-venomous. While a bite might be painful due to their teeth, it is not medically significant.

Copperheads:

• Venomous: Copperheads are venomous pit vipers. Their venom is hemotoxic, affecting blood cells and tissues. While rarely fatal to adults, a copperhead bite requires immediate medical attention.

Summary Table: Quick Comparison

Remember: If you are unsure about the identity of a snake, it's always best to err on the side of caution and maintain a safe distance. Do not attempt to handle any snake you cannot confidently identify. If bitten, seek immediate medical attention.